Hemostatic sponges kana iwe unogona zvakare kuvadaidza kuti masiponji ekuvhiya, nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo kwakanyanya mukuvhiya kudzivirira kubuda ropa. Saizvozvowo, vanozivikanwawo se kunwa hemostatic gelatin spongesnekuti ivo vanogadzirwa kubva kune zvinonwiwa zvinongedzo seselulosi, bhonzo gelatin, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvepolymeric. Zvisinei, zvikamu izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kuti kugwamba kwemuviri kumise kubuda ropa.
Siponji inoshandiswa mukuvhiya neurosurgery, dentistry, otolaryngology, gynecology, uye maoparesheni ekumisa kubuda ropa kwemurwere nekupisa ronda. Zvichakadaro, Chipanje chehemostatic chinokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetishu uye ine inonwisa uye antimicrobial properties.
Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura izvo hemostatic sponges inogadzirwa uye mashandisirwo azvo akakosha mukurapa maitiro.
Kuumbwa kweHemostatic Sponge
Kuumbwa kweHemostatic Sponges kwakakosha pakumisa ropa uye kugadzira magwamba eropa mumaronda. Zvikamu zvaro ndezvizvi:
Primary Material:
▶Gelatin yemishonga:
Mazhinji masiponji ane hemostatic Pharmaceutical gelatin, puroteni yehwaro inotorwa kubva pabhonzo rebovine. Izvi bovine bone gelatinine zvikomborero zvakasiyana-siyana.
▶Absorbability:
Kana nzvimbo yaro inobata ropa, inogona kuumba magwamba, kudzivirira kurasikirwa kweropa.
▶Biodegradability:
Chiitiko ichi chinoreva kuti kana muviri wemunhu unowanzoputsa gelatin, inobatsira kuumba ropa rekuvhara ropa, iro rinomisa kubuda ropa.
▶Thrombin:
Thrombin ienzyme inopa simba zvakananga magwamba kuti abudise kugwamba kweropa.
▶Fibrinogen:
Protein fibrinogen inoita basa rakakosha mukuumba ropa rakagwamba.
Hemostatic Kuzadza Zvinhu
Hemostatic kuzadza zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuita marudzi matatu zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwavo uye basa: polysaccharide-yakavakirwa zvinhu, mapuroteni-akavakirwa hemostatic reagents, uye makemikari anogadzirwa makomisheni.
1. Kemikari Yakagadzirwa Hemostatic Compounds:
Hemostasis kemikari idiki monomers kana mapolymers anogona kuita makemikari kuti agadzire gels uye zvisungo zvinosunga. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu izvi zvine ngozi yakaderera zvikuru yehutachiwana hwehutachiwana pane zvigadzirwa zvine mapuroteni, mamwe matambudziko, uye matambudziko akawanda anokonzerwa nehuturu hwemakemikari uye kusaora kunopfuurira.2.
2.Hemostatic Agents: Mapuroteni-Yakavakirwa
Protein-based hemostatic reagents, inoumbwa nethrombin, collagen, kana fibrinogen, yakafanana neEC/PGRF nzira maererano nemutengo wakakwira. Vanogona kutapurira, asi vane hupenyu hupfupi. Mapuroteni-based hemostatic agents akakosha mukudzivirira kubuda ropa mukuvhiya. Aya maajenti anoshanda nekushandisa mapuroteni, senge fibrin kana collagen, anomhanyisa maitiro akajairwa ekugwamba mumuviri.
Kana mapuroteni aya akashandiswa kuvhara ronda, anogadzira jira rakasimba rinomisa kubuda ropa uye rinowedzera kupora. Kurumidza uye kunoshanda kwekudzora kurasikirwa kweropa kwakakosha mukuvhiya uye kutarisisa zvigadziriso, zvichipa kukosha kwakakosha kune mapuroteni-based hemostatic agents. Izvo zvinoenderana nehupenyu uye zvinowanzoshanda zvakanaka nekemikari yemuviri. Naizvozvo, kune varapi vehutano, yave sarudzo inoshanda yekuwedzera nguva dzekupora uye kugadzirisa mhedzisiro yemurwere.
3.Polymeric Hemostatic Materials Yakatorwa kubva kuPolysaccharide
Ivo vanonyanya kuvakwa ne cellulose, chitosan, sodium alginate, uye starch. Chero nzira yaunozvitarisa nayo ... vanogona kugadzira zvakanyanya chero mhando yechigadzirwa chehemostatic pasi pezuva. Iyi mhando yepolymer inokupa yakanaka biocompatibility, biodegradability, uye isiri-immunogenic maficha.
Chii Bovine Bone Gelatin?
Bovine bone gelatinimhando inoshanda kwazvo yegelatin mumhando dzese dzesiponji. Inobva pamapfupa emombe kana mamwe mapfupa emombe uye ine pundutso dzakawanda.
Zvichakadaro, izvi Bovine bone gelatin rinosveta ropa zvakakwana, richigadzira magwamba akawanda epanzvimbo anomisa kubuda ropa. Iyo gelatin inoderedza zvishoma nezvishoma mukati memuviri, kuderedza kudiwa kwekubvisa kunotevera kushandiswa.
Kugadzira Maitiro eHemostatic Sponges
Maponji eHemostatic akakosha mukuvhiya nekuchengeta maronda, asi magadzirirwo awo uye maumbirwo awo anokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwawo. Pano, isu tinotarisa nzira shoma dzekugadzira idzi midziyo yekuvhara ropa:
1.Kuomesa-Kuomesa:
Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya inosanganisira kuomesa mhinduro mushure mekunge hemostatic substance, kazhinji gelatin, yakanyungudutswa mumushonga. Zvadaro, vacuum inopiwa kumuvhenganiswa wakaoma nechando, zvichiita kuti munyungudutsire pasi - kushanduka kwakananga kubva pakasimba kuenda kune gasi - pasina kunyungudutsa ice. Izvi zvinoparadza makristasi echando, zvichisiya porous sponge structure. Kana inoshandiswa kune ronda, gelatin matrix yakasara inochengetedza iyo hemostatic substance uye inokurudzira kuumbwa kwekuvhara ropa.
2.Solvent Casting & Particulate Leaching:
Chekutanga, chinonyungudutsa chinonyungudutsa bhonzo gelatin uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sefibrinogen uye thrombin kutanga hurongwa. Mushure meizvi, mvura inoyerera inobuda, iyo iwe unogona kuisa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye wosiya kwechinguva kuti usimbise. Kana yangogadzikwa, munyu kana shuga inonyungudika neimwe solvent. Mushure meiyi nzira yekudonha, unowana porous zvinhu zvinonzi hemostatic sponges, nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira kubuda ropa.
3.Electrospinning:
Iyi nzira yemazuva ano inoshandisa munda wemagetsi kushandura mhinduro yepolymer kuita fiber isina kusimba. Zvichakadaro, mhinduro yepolymer ndeye hemostatic sponges yakagadzirwa nefupa regelatin kana mamwe mapolima. Paunoisa iyi fiber-yakaita senge pane muunganidzi mushure mekunge yave nemunda wemagetsi, inoumba chinhu chakaita semeti. Ndiyo nzira iyo inoumba hemostatic sponge, iyo iwe unogona kushandisa kune zvinangwa zvekuvhiya.
4.Lyophilization ne Crosslinking:
Iyi nzira inoshandisa crosslinking agents pamwe chete nechando-kuomesa. Crosslinking inogadzirisa kuparara kwemukati we sponge uye inosimbisa chimiro chayo. Gelatin uye crosslinking agent inonyungudutswa musolvent uye yobva yaoma nechando. Kemikari inogadzirisa inoumba crosslinks pakati pegelatin mamorekuru mune inokonzeresa chando matrix, inosimbisa iyo hemostatic sponge uye ichibvumira kudzorwa kusunungurwa.
Zvichakadaro, vaongorori vanoramba vachiwana nzira nyowani dzekugadzira hemostatic sponges yekurapa maitiro. Kunyangwe zvimiro zvemaponji zvichigona kuvandudzwa kuti zvivape mamwe mashandisiro, senge antimicrobial properties, tsvakiridzo iyi ine chinangwa chekuvashandisa seimwe nzira yezvinomera-based polymers. Nekudaro, chinangwa chikuru ndechekugadzira mamwe masiponji ehemostatic ayo akachengeteka, anobatsira, uye akagadziridzwa.
Kubvisa uye Kugadziriswa kweBone Gelatin
Iyo nzira yekubvisa pfupa gelatin inosanganisira mamwe matanho akadai se:
Mabhonzo eBovine anotengwa kubva kune vatengesi vanovimbwa uye anoongororwa zvakasimba kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchena kwavo.
Makemikari kana ma enzymes anoshandiswa kubvisa collagen, iyo yekutanga protein chikamu chepfupa.
Iyo yakabviswa collagen inoiswa pasi pekunatswa kwakasimba iyo inobvisa kusvibiswa kuti iwane zvivakwa zvinodiwa pamishonga-giredhi gelatin.
Iyo yekupedzisira gelatin inoshongedzwa kubvisa mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi.
Zvakanakira Hemostatic Sponge
Iyo hemostatic sponges yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kurasikirwa kweropa rinorema mumakamuri ekushanda uye kuwedzera simba rekugadzira magwara kuitira kuti muviri wemunhu uzviporese nekukurumidza uye hutano.
✔ Inosimudzira Kukurumidza Kuvhara uye Kupora Maronda
Maponji ehemostatic ane zvakawanda zvakanaka, sekumisa kubuda ropa kubva pamaronda, kutora ropa, uye kutanga kugadzira magwamba. Makemikari aya anovandudza simba rekuporesa remuviri wemunhu uye anoponesa murwere kubva mukurasikirwa neropa rinorema kana paine chero kuvhiyiwa.
✔Inobatsira Kudzora Kubuda Kweropa Panguva Yokuvhiya
Hemostatic sponges inowanzoshandiswa kudzora kubuda ropa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvhiya. Zvinogona kushandiswa zvakananga kunzvimbo yekubuda ropa kuti ikurudzire kuumbwa kwevhavha uye kupa rubatsiro rwemagetsi. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekuomerwa uye zvinovandudza kuvhiya kwese kwese nekuchengeta nzvimbo yekushanda yakasununguka.
✔Inoderedza Kurasika Kweropa uye Inoderedza Njodzi Yematambudziko
Maponji ehemostatic anomisa kurasikirwa neropa uye njodzi yezvinetso nekugadzirisa kutonga kwemaronda ekubuda ropa kwevanhu. Nemhaka yokuti kurasikirwa neropa rakawanda kunogona kuita kuti varwere vafe pakoma kana kuti kufa, ichi chinoponesa upenyu nguva dzose chinokosha pakuvhiya kwemarudzi ose.
Zvishandiso zveHemostatic Sponges muMishonga
Hemostatic sponges ane akasiyana maapplication mukurapa ekudzora kubuda ropa:
theShandisa Mukuvhiya Kudzora Kubuda Kweropa
Ari kushandiswa zvinobudirira mukuvhiya kwakawanda kudzivirira kurasikirwa neropa. Nzira dzechinyakare, dzakadai sematsinga kana kumanikidza, hadzishande zvakanaka, saka vanachiremba vanoshandisa hemostatic sponges. Iwe unogona kukurumidza kuaisa panzvimbo inobuda ropa, uye anotanga kukurudzira kuumbwa kwegwamba uye kupa rubatsiro rwemagetsi.
theZvakanakira Pamusoro Zvimwe Zvigadzirwa
Kuenzanisa masiponji ehemostatic kune zvimwe zvinhu, zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvakanaka zvekushandisa zvinhu zvakaita sechitosan negelatin:
ü Faster hemostasis ine high absorbency uye kukurumidza kutora ropa.
ü Yakachengeteka uye biocompatible ine njodzi yakaderera yekukanganisa maitiro.
ü Inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwetishu uye kuporesa maronda kunoshanda.
theShandisa muOrthopedic Surgeries
Uyezve, dzinoshandiswa mukuvhiya kwemapfupa zvakare. Panguva yokuvhiyiwa, vanoshanda zvakanakisisa kudzivirira kurasikirwa neropa. Zvichakadaro, the absorbable hemostatic gelatin chipanjeinovavarira kusveta hunyoro hwose kana ropa rine porous structure kuderedza kubuda.
theShandisa muDental Procedures
Iko kunotevera kushandiswa kwehemostatic sponges kunogona zvakare kushandiswa mukuvhiya mazino sekubvisa mazino, periodontal oparesheni, uye kumwe kupindira kwekuvhiya nemuromo. Kukwanisa kwavo kudzora kubuda ropa kunoshamisa mukuvhiya uku kwakaoma.
theKubudirira Mukuvhiya Kwakasiyana-siyana
Pakupedzisira, izvi absorbable hemostatic gelatin chipanjeinoshanda zvinobudirira kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvhiya zvinodiwa. Zvisinei, kukwanisa kwayo kumisa kubuda ropa kwomunhu kunokosha musayenzi yezvokurapa nemhaka yokushandiswa kwayo; ichokwadi chinoponesa upenyu. Kuvhiya kukuru kunoshandiswa kunosanganisira gynecology, neurology, otolaryngology, uye kuvhiyiwa kwese.
Mhedziso
Saka, ichi ndicho chaiva chinyorwa pamusoro pezvinoitwa hemostatic sponges. Ndinovimba, uchawana mhinduro dzese dzawanga uchitsvaga. Zvichakadaro, Inopa mabhenefiti akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesainzi yekurapa senge kuvhiyiwa, uye simba rayo nderekumisa kubuda ropa kwakawandisa nekutora unyoro.
Vatsvagiri vachiri kutsvaga mikana mitsva yekushandiswa kwayo mune ramangwana muindasitiri yemishonga uye nekuponesa hupenyu hwakawanda.
